Waves Of Immigration - Recently Updated Pages

Robin B, Tyler I, Sam C

SamuelAC — Fri, 23 May 2008 11:58:03 CDT

This is a sample. As long as you follow the guidelines provided on Creating your Team Page you may set this up as you like.

TEAM MEMBER	ROLE
Sam C.	Friend/Family in Homeland
Robin B.	Friend/Family in USA
Tyler I.	Transportation
	Native

MESSAGES TO THE TEAM

This could be good place to check in.

Teachers may post questions/encouragement here.

Team Members can communicate to each other.

GROUPS WE ARE STUDYING

1.Germany

2.Cambodia

RELATIVE IN HOMELAND
Sam C.

RELATIVE IN USA
Robin B.

TRANSPORTATION
Tyler I.

"NATIVE"
(None)

USEFUL LINKS/SITES/INFORMATION

(None)

Genna, Aaliyah, and Kowsar

GennaW:-) — Fri, 18 Apr 2008 11:15:40 CDT

This is a sample. As long as you follow the guidelines provided on Creating your Team Page you may set this up as you like.

TEAM MEMBER'S	ROLE
Genna!_!	Friend/Family in Homeland
Kowsar	Friend/Family in USA
Aaliyah	Transportation
	Native

MESSAGES TO THE TEAM

This could be good place to check in

Teachers may post questions/encouragement here.

Team Members can communicate to each other

WE ARE STUDYING
Somalia!

RELATIVE IN HOMELAND
Genna!_!

RELATIVE IN USA
Kowsar

TRANSPORTATION
Aaliyah

"NATIVE"
[Team member name]

USEFUL LINKS/SITES/INFORMATION

Resources

macoyj — Fri, 18 Apr 2008 10:25:16 CDT

Here is a list of links that may prove to be useful on your questing.

Google - use it wisely
HistoryChannel
Webster Dictionary - Where words come from can provide useful and interesting information.
This page has tabs on the side for many of the groups on the Immigrants to America page.
Information on Ellis Island.
Marvel - Maine's Virtual Library
Internet Public Library
ThinkQuest - A good site for searching for information.
Government Archives -
International Organization for Migration
National Immigration Forum
US Committee for Refugees and Immigrants
CARE is a leading humanitarian organization fighting global poverty.
International Committee of the Red Cross
Oxfam America is an international relief and development organization that creates lasting solutions to poverty, hunger, and injustice.
Amnesty International is a worldwide movement of people who campaign for internationally recognized human rights for all.
Exile Images - Click on a photographer to see images of conditions in countries in conflict.
Human Rights Watch is dedicated to protecting the human rights of people around the world.
The American Refugee Committee works with refugees, displaced people, and those at risk to help them survive crises and rebuild lives of dignity, health, security and self-sufficiency.
The National Network for Immigrant and Refugee Rights (NNIRR) is a national organization composed of local coalitions and immigrant, refugee, community, religious, civil rights and labor organizations and activist.
The Advocates for Human Rights: One page accounts of immigrants from Ethiopia, Laos, Liberia, Somalia and Mexico. Also includes maps of each country to orient the reader.
Angel Island was the Ellis Island of the west coast.
Another Angel Island website that focuses on Asian Immigrants.
Current story of a woman from Guatemala.
This site has a menu scroll down at the bottom of the page that lists a vast numbers of countries. You choose your country and up pop several interviews of recent immigrants from that country.
Weekend America Series. Excellent source of slide shows of people and their stories from Iraq, the Sudan, Afghanistan and Somalia, Burundi and Burma
Article in Los Angeles Times by a native Somali who tells his story of the difficulties in immigrating and being shuffled from one country to the next in hopes of finding a country that would accept him.
In the Mix—Teen Immigrants. Not only is there the story of Neema that is on the front page but also check the link shown at the top for “raw footage” to see 5 stories of immigrant teens who came to America from Kenya, Guinea, Tanzania, China and the Dominican Republic
From the shared bookmarks that Ms. Hall-Riddle saved

CIA Factbook - Thanks for showing me this site Victoria!

Mrs. Nylen's portaportal has lots of great sites.

Eliis Island story

Wikipedia - Yes this is not a link, Wikipedia is not a cite for reliable information.

Guiding Questions

chrispirkl — Fri, 18 Apr 2008 10:23:03 CDT

These are the Guiding Questions for the Expedition

1. Why do people Immigrate?

2. Why is the "American Dream" both a myth and a reality?

The description of the ROLES offers specific questions to examine while trying to answer the Guiding Questions.

Olivia, Kelli, Renée.S

ReneeS — Fri, 18 Apr 2008 09:37:52 CDT

This is a sample. As long as you follow the guidelines provided on Creating your Team Page you may set this up as you like.

TEAM MEMBER	ROLE
Olivia	Friend/Family in Homeland
Kelli	Friend/Family in USA
Renée.S	Transportation
	Native

MESSAGES TO THE TEAM

This could be good place to check in

Teachers may post questions/encouragement here.

Team Members can communicate to each other

GROUPS WE ARE STUDYING

1.Ireland

2.Italy

RELATIVE IN HOMELAND
Olivia
You decided not to immigrate to America. You understand why your relatives left, but you could not leave behind all you know. Your task is to find out about the conditions and reasons for leaving the homeland for each group that you are studying. Freedoms (religious, economic, etc)? Prejudice? Persecution (Dictatorship)? Fair Treatment (socially, educationally)? You will complete this task for both immigrant groups you chose.

1892
Ellis Island Opens
The first Ellis Island Immigration Station officially opens on January 1, 1892 as three large ships wait to land. 700 immigrants passed through Ellis Island that day, and nearly 450,000 followed through the course of that first year. Annie Moore, a 15 year old girl from County Cork, Ireland, is the first person admitted to the new immigration station. On that opening day, she received a greeting from officials and a $10.00 gold piece.

An 1850 census showed that 961,719 Ireland-born people were living in the United States. The numbers of Irish immigrants per year in the United States are as follow: 92,484 in 1846, 196,224 in 1847, 173,744 in 1848, 204,771 in 1849, and 206,041 in 1850. (From http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAEireland.htm, Irish Immigration) These overwhelming numbers had an enormous effect on American society. Once the Irish arrived in America, most found jobs as unskilled workers for the mines, railroads, or canals.

When the American Civil War broke out, about 210,000 Ireland-born Americans joined the war, mostly with the Union. Though most Irish-Americans felt the threat of losing their jobs if slaves were to be freed, the majority supported the Union. Because of the large Irish population in large cities like New York City, Boston, and Chicago, Irish-Americans were able to gain political jobs. Between 1820 and 1920, 4,400,000 Irish people had come to the United States, a number only surpassed by Germany and Mexico.

Throughout the Famine years, nearly a million Irish arrived in the United States. Famine immigrants were the first big wave of poor refugees ever to arrive in the U.S. and Americans were simply overwhelmed. Upon arrival in America, the Irish found the going to be quite tough. With no one to help them, they immediately settled into the lowest rung of society and waged a daily battle for survival. The roughest welcome of all would be in Boston, Massachusetts, an Anglo-Saxon city with a population of about 115,000. It was a place run by descendants of English Puritans, men who could proudly recite their lineage back to 1620 and the Mayflower ship. Now, some two hundred thirty years later, their city was undergoing nothing short of an unwanted "social revolution" as described by Ephraim Peabody, member of an old Yankee family. In 1847, the first big year of Famine emigration, the city was swamped with 37,000 Irish Catholics arriving by sea and land. Proper Bostonians pointed and laughed at the first Irish immigrants stepping off ships wearing clothes twenty years out of fashion. They watched as the newly arrived Irishmen settled with their families into enclaves that became exclusively Irish near the Boston waterfront along Batterymarch and Broad Streets, then in the North End section and in East Boston. Irishmen took any unskilled jobs they could find such as cleaning yards and stables, unloading ships, and pushing carts. And once again, they fell victim to unscrupulous landlords. This time it was Boston landlords who sub-divided former Yankee dwellings into cheap housing, charging Irish families up to $1.50 a week to live in a single nine-by-eleven foot room with no water, sanitation, ventilation or daylight. In Boston, as well as other American cities in the mid-1800s, there was no enforcement of sanitary regulations and no building or fire safety codes. Landlords could do as they pleased. A single family three-story house along the waterfront that once belonged to a prosperous Yankee merchant could be divided-up room by room into housing for a hundred Irish, bringing a nice profit. The overflow Irish would settle into the gardens, back yards and alleys surrounding the house, living in wooden shacks. Demand for housing of any quality was extraordinary. People lived in musty cellars with low ceilings that partially flooded with every tide. Old warehouses and other buildings within the Irish enclave were hastily converted into rooming houses using flimsy wooden partitions that provided no privacy. A Boston Committee of Internal Health studying the situation described the resulting Irish slum as "a perfect hive of human beings, without comforts and mostly without common necessaries; in many cases huddled together like brutes, without regard to age or sex or sense of decency. Under such circumstances self-respect, forethought, all the high and noble virtues soon die out, and sullen indifference and despair or disorder, intemperance and utter degradation reign supreme." The unsanitary conditions were breeding grounds for disease, particularly cholera. Sixty percent of the Irish children born in Boston during this period didn't live to see their sixth birthday. Adult Irish lived on average just six years after stepping off the boat onto American soil. Those who were not ill were driven to despair. Rowdy behavior fueled by alcohol and boredom spilled out into the streets of Boston and the city witnessed a staggering increase in crime, up to 400 percent for such crimes as aggravated assault. Men and boys cooped up in tiny rooms and without employment or schooling got into serious trouble. An estimated 1500 children roamed the streets every day begging and making mischief. There were only a limited number of unskilled jobs available. Intense rivalry quickly developed between the Irish and working class Bostonians over these jobs. In Ireland, a working man might earn eight cents a day. In America, he could earn up to a dollar a day, a tremendous improvement. Bostonians feared being undercut by hungry Irish willing to work for less than the going rate. Their resentment, combined with growing anti-Irish and anti-Catholic sentiment among all classes in Boston led to 'No Irish Need Apply' signs being posted in shop windows, factory gates and workshop doors throughout the city. Irish in New York New York, three times the size of Boston, was better able to absorb its incoming Irish. Throughout the Famine years, 75 percent of the Irish coming to America landed in New York. In 1847, about 52,000 Irish arrived in the city which had a total population of 372,000. The Irish were not the only big group of immigrants arriving. A substantial German population totaling over 53,000 also arrived in 1847. In New York, the Irish did not face the degree of prejudice found in Boston. Instead, they were confronted by shifty characters and con artists. Confused Irish, fresh off the farm and suffering from culture shock, were taken advantage of the moment they set foot on shore. Immediately upon arrival in New York harbor, they were met by Irishmen known as 'runners' speaking in Gaelic and promising to 'help' their fellow countrymen. Many of the new arrivals, quite frightened at the mere prospect of America, gladly accepted. Those who hesitated were usually bullied into submission. The runner's first con was to suggest a good place to stay in New York; a boarding house operated by a friend, supposedly with good meals and comfortable rooms at very affordable rates, including free storage of any luggage. The boarding houses were actually filthy hell-holes in lower Manhattan. Instead of comfortable rooms, the confused arrivals were shoved into vermin-infested hovels with eight or ten other unfortunate souls, at prices three or four times higher than what they had been told. They remained as 'boarders' until their money ran out at which time their luggage was confiscated for back-rent and they were tossed out into the streets, homeless and penniless. During the entire Famine period, about 650,000 Irish arrived in New York harbor. All incoming passenger ships to New York had to stop for medical inspection. Anyone with fever was removed to the quarantine station on Staten Island and the ship itself was quarantined for 30 days. But Staten Island was just five miles from Manhattan. Runners were so aggressive in pursuit of the Irish that they even rowed out to quarantined ships and sneaked into the hospitals on Staten Island despite the risk of contracting typhus. Another way to take advantage of the Irish was to sell them phony railroad and boat tickets. Runners working with 'forwarding agents' sold bogus tickets that had pictures of trains or boats the illiterate immigrants wished to board to leave Manhattan for other U.S. cities. The tickets were either worthless, or if they were valid, had been sold at double the actual price or higher. On the boats, the immigrant were shoved into jam-packed steerage sections, although they thought they had paid for better accommodations. Sometimes, halfway to their destination, they were told to pay more or risk being thrown overboard. The penniless Irish who remained in Manhattan stayed crowded together close to the docks where they sought work as unskilled dock workers. They found cheap housing wherever they could, with many families living in musty cellars. Abandoned houses near the waterfront that once belonged to wealthy merchants were converted into crowded tenements. Shoddy wooded tenements also sprang up overnight in yards and back alleys to be rented out room by room at high prices. Similar to Boston, New York experienced a high rate of infant mortality and a dramatic rise in crime as men and boys cooped-up in squalid shanties let off steam by drinking and getting in fights. Anti-Irish Sentiment U.S. immigration records indicate that by 1850, the Irish made up 43 percent of the foreign-born population. Up to ninety percent of the Irish arriving in America remained in cities. New York now had more Irish-born citizens than Dublin. Those who did not stay in New York or Boston traveled to places such as Albany, Cincinnati, Pittsburgh, Chicago, and out west to Butte, Montana, and San Francisco. Upon arrival, the Irishman and his family would usually go straight to the 'Irish quarter,' locate people from County Mayo, County Cork, or wherever they had come from, and settle in among them. Unlike other nationalities that came to America seeking wide open spaces, the Irish chose to huddle in the cities partly because they were the poorest of all the immigrants arriving and partly out of a desire to recreate the close-knit communities they had cherished back in Ireland. Above all, the Irish loved each other's company, enjoying a daily dose of gossip, conversation, poetry and story telling, music and singing, and the ever-present jokes and puns. But the daily pressures of living in America at the bottom rung of society also brought out the worst in them. Back home, the Irish were known for their honesty, law-abiding manners, and chastity. In America, old social norms disintegrated and many of the Irish, both men and women, behaved wildly. In the hopeless slums of New York, prostitution flourished and drunkenness occurred even among children. Wherever they settled, the Irish kept to themselves to the exclusion of everyone else, and thus were slow to assimilate. Americans were thus slow to accept the Irish as equals, preferring instead to judge them by the cartoon stereotypes of drunken, brawling Irishmen published in newspapers of the day. Irish immigrants were also derided in the press as 'aliens' who were mindlessly loyal to their Catholic leaders in place of any allegiance to America. The sheer numbers of Irish pouring into the U.S. meant that Catholicism was on the verge of becoming the single largest Christian denomination in America. Many American Protestants held the simplistic view that if the numbers of Roman Catholics were increasing then the power and influence of the Papacy in America was also increasing, threatening America's political independence. Fear of the Papacy thus became fear of the Irish and resulted in outright violence. In Boston, a mob of Protestant workmen burned down a Catholic convent. Protestant mobs in Philadelphia rioted against Irish Catholics in 1844. The Irish in Philadelphia promptly gathered into mobs of their own and fought back, with the violence lasting over three days. Two Catholic churches were burned down along with hundreds of Irish homes and a dozen immigrants killed. In New York, Archbishop John Hughes, on hearing of the Philadelphia attacks, deployed armed Irishmen to protect his own churches. Then he paid a visit to New York's mayor and warned him that if just one Catholic church was touched, the Irish would burn all of Manhattan to the ground. Other cities that experienced anti-Catholic violence included; Baltimore, St. Louis, New Orleans and Louisville, Kentucky. Militant anti-Catholics formed a third political party nicknamed the 'Know-Nothings' seeking to curtail Irish immigration and keep them from becoming naturalized Americans in order to prevent them from ever gaining any political power. The movement was most successful in Massachusetts which elected Know-Nothing candidates to every statewide office in 1854, including governor. Throughout America, anti-Irish sentiment was becoming fashionable. Newspaper advertisements for jobs and housing in Boston, New York and other places now routinely ended with "Positively No Irish Need Apply."

Photo Gallery

During the Civil War, members of New York's 'Fighting 69th' attend a battlefield Mass.

Members of the famous Irish Brigade of the Confederate Army.

In Boston, Irish clam diggers pose on a wharf, 1882.

In New York, officials investigate a squalid tenement, 1900.

Former presidential candidate Al Smith (on right) with Franklin Roosevelt, the man who followed him as governor of NY, 1930.

Triumphant visit of President Kennedy to Dublin, 1963.

But American concerns over Irish immigration soon took a back seat to the tremendous issue of slavery which was about to rip the young nation apart. For Irish Americans, the turning point of their early years in the U.S. would be the American Civil War. Over 140,000 enlisted in the Union army while others in the South enrolled in the Confederate ranks. Irish units, including the all-Irish 69th New York Regiment, participated in the monumental battles at Bull Run, Antietam, and Gettysburg, earning a reputation for dependability and bravery. At Fredericksburg, the 'Fighting 69th' repeatedly charged a well-entrenched Confederate position on Marye's Heights to the astonishment of all who observed. However, during the Civil War, Irish civilians were heavily involved in the notorious New York draft riots in which African Americans were singled out for violence. Relations between Irish immigrants and African Americans in New York had never been good. From their earliest arrival in the U.S. the Irish had competed with freed slaves for the most menial jobs and cheapest housing. Decades of frustration and pent-up emotions finally erupted on the streets over three hot summer days in July 1863 resulting in numerous beatings and 18 blacks murdered. Federal troops from Gettysburg had to be called in to quell the violence. Hundreds of buildings, including a black orphanage, were destroyed along with $5 million in property damage. Rise of the Irish Following the Civil War, Irish laborers once again provided the backbreaking work needed for the enormous expansion of rapidly industrializing America. They ran factories, built railroads in the West, and worked in the mines of Pennsylvania, Virginia and Montana. They were carpenter's assistants, boat-builders, dock-hands, bartenders and waiters. In an era when there were virtually no governmental constraints on American capitalism, the Irish organized the first trade unions and conducted strikes when necessary for higher wages, shorter hours, and safer working conditions. Single Irish women found work as cooks and maids in houses belonging to wealthy families on Beacon Hill in Boston and along Fifth Avenue in New York, and in most other big cities. Many lived inside the homes in the servants' quarters and enjoyed a standard of living luxurious by comparison to the life they had known in Ireland or in the tenements. These women were cheerful, kind-hearted, hard working and thrifty, always managing to save a little money out of their salary for those back in Ireland. From 1850 to 1900 an estimated $260 million poured into Ireland from America, bringing over more family members and helping out those remaining behind. The women also donated generously to their local Catholic parishes for new parochial schools and the construction of stained-glass churches with marble statues and altars. The beautiful cathedral-like buildings became great sources of pride among the Irish, making the statement that Catholics had 'arrived' in America. Catholic parishes became the center of family life, providing free education, hospitals, sports and numerous social activities, recreating to some degree the close-knit villages the Irish had loved back home while at the same time protecting them from unfriendly Americans. Catholics in Ireland had endured centuries of discrimination at the hands of a dominant culture ruled by English and Anglo-Irish Protestants. They arrived in America only to find they were once again facing religious discrimination by the dominant culture; this time American Protestants. Eventually the Irish discovered the path to changing things in their new home lay in the local ballot box. The large numbers of Irishmen now eligible to vote in cities such as New York and Boston meant they could no longer be politically ignored. The sons and grandsons of Famine immigrants joined the Democratic Party in droves, organized themselves by every ward and precinct into political 'machines' then became candidates for office, first getting elected to city councils, later to the mayor's office itself. In Boston, newly elected Mayor James Michael Curley boldly announced in 1914: "The day of the Puritan has passed; the Anglo-Saxon is a joke; a new and better America is here." Curley dominated Boston politics for nearly forty years. He freely used patronage as a way to reward loyalty and get Irish votes, filling various city departments with his supporters. The Irish delighted in taking civil service jobs with their steady paychecks and long-term security. In cities with big Irish populations, police and fire departments often became staffed by Famine descendants. In New York, the political machine was known as Tammany Hall, a powerful but corrupt organization that traded favors and jobs for votes and money. Out of Manhattan's fourth ward emerged Al Smith, the grandson of Irish immigrants, who rose from the tenements of the Lower East Side to seek the American presidency. As governor of New York in the 1920s, Smith originated ground-breaking social reform programs that later became the model for Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal. But as the Democratic candidate for president in 1928, Smith was relentlessly bashed by anti-Catholic activists and was resoundingly defeated, losing to incumbent President Herbert Hoover. The most extraordinary Famine descendant was John Fitzgerald Kennedy, great-grandson of Patrick Kennedy, a farmer from County Wexford who had left Ireland in 1849. Although other Presidents, including Andrew Jackson and Woodrow Wilson had Irish roots, John Kennedy became the first Roman Catholic. To millions of Irish Catholic Americans, Kennedy's election in 1960 as the 35th President of the United States signaled an end to the century-long struggle for full acceptance in the U.S. By the time of Kennedy's victory, descendants of the Famine immigrants were steadily leaving the old Irish working-class neighborhoods of Boston, New York and other cities and settling into the new suburbs sprouting across America. Irish Americans, three or four generations removed from their Famine forebears, now preferred a more generic middle-class American lifestyle complete with manicured lawns and backyard barbecues. Some of them even converted to Republicanism and wound up voting for another 'Irishman' named Ronald Reagan for president. The Irish, the first big group of poor refugees ever to come to the United States, had born the brunt of American resentment and prevailed. They could now count on the fact that their children might be educated at Harvard University or perhaps rise to a top position in any corporation or business, based on their talent and ability. And they had paved the way for the waves of immigrants from Europe and other places that followed in their footsteps. Hard work and sheer determination had allowed the Irish in America to overcome countless obstacles and find success and happiness. But their country of origin remained a very sad place in the decades following the Famine.http://www.historyplace.com/worldhistory/famine/america.htm

From 1845 to 1850 Ireland suffered a disastrous famine resultingfrom the failure of the potato crop.In large numbers, the Irish began to immigrate, especially to America.It has been estimated that through emigration and deaths resulting from famine, the population of Ireland decreased by more than 2 million people.According to the historian David Fitzpatrick, Ireland during the nineteenth century ‘was a land which most people wanted to leave’.Between 1800 and 1900, almost 8 million people left their Irish home in search of new lives in a new world.The main cause of Irish emigration was the potato famine.The employment opportunities, in America, attracted the Irish in large numbers.For others, America was a temporary refuge from political disorder.Many Irish left their native country to escape religious persecution.
http://www.accd.edu/sac/history/keller/1301IC/Foos/FoosII.html
RELATIVE IN USA
Kelli

TRANSPORTATION

Renée.S

New arrivals were taken by ferry to the main building
at Ellis Island. Opened in 1892, the first immigrant
to arrive was a 15-year-old girl from Ireland named
Annie Moore to join her parents in New York City.

"NATIVE"
No One

USEFUL LINKS/SITES/INFORMATION

Renee,Akossiwa,Celie

ReneeMS — Thu, 17 Apr 2008 13:14:21 CDT

This is a sample. As long as you follow the guidelines provided on Creating your Team Page you may set this up as you like.

TEAM MEMBER	ROLE
Akossiwa	Friend/Family in Homeland
Celie	Friend/Family in USA
Renee	Transportation
	Native

MESSAGES TO THE TEAM

This could be good place to check in

Teachers may post questions/encouragement here.

Team Members can communicate to each other

GROUPS WE ARE STUDYING

1. Germany

2. Togo, Africa

Germans came to America for religious freedom and to buy cheap land.

USEFUL LINKS/SITES/INFORMATION
http://memory.loc.gov/learn/features/immig/german2.html

Kuba, David, and Kevin

DavidJW — Thu, 17 Apr 2008 12:01:22 CDT

This is a sample. As long as you follow the guidelines provided on Creating your Team Page you may set this up as you like.

TEAM MEMBER	ROLE
Kevin	Friend/Family in Homeland
David	Friend/Family in USA
Kuba	Transportation
Anybody	Native

Team	Messages
David
Kevin
Kuba

GROUPS WE ARE STUDYING

1.Korea

2.Philippines

RELATIVE IN HOMELAND
[Kevin]

RELATIVE IN USA
[David]

People are the Philippines' main export. Last year more than 1mil. Filipinos left to work abroad as maids, nurses, sailors and in all sorts of other difficult but low-paid jobs.

TRANSPORTATION
[Kuba]

"NATIVE"
[Anybody]

USEFUL LINKS/SITES/INFORMATION

Nathan, Jean-Louis, and Anthony

AnthonyT7 — Thu, 17 Apr 2008 11:59:04 CDT

This is a sample. As long as you follow the guidelines provided on Creating your Team Page you may set this up as you like.

Comments/Questions:

Team Talk:

TEAM MEMBER	ROLE
Anthony	Friend/Family in Homeland
Nathan	Friend/Family in USA
Jean-Louis	Transportation Expert
	Native

GROUPS WE ARE STUDYING

1.Vietnam

2.Japan

Nate
There were more than 10 million Asian Americans in the United States in 2000. This represented a sharp increase from the 891,000 who were accounted for in 1960.

Jean-Louis
1954-1975-The South Vietnamese allied with the Americans to fight North Vietnam.

Anthony
Following the war, Congress passed laws that led to the fairer treatment of Asian Americans. The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 gave all Asian immigrants the right to become U.S. citizens. The Immigration Act of 1965 allowed people from any Asian country to immigrate to the United States.

USEFUL LINKS/SITES/INFORMATION

Paige B., Dalea M., Drew D.

DrewAD13 — Thu, 17 Apr 2008 11:51:54 CDT

TEAM MEMBER	ROLE
Paige B.	Friend/Family in Homeland
Dalea M.	Friend/Family in USA
Drew D.	Transportation
none	Native

MESSAGES TO THE TEAM

A lot of Japanise immigrants landed in california.

GROUPS WE ARE STUDYING

1.Japan

2.Nicaragua

RELATIVE IN HOMELAND
[Paige]
By1920, an estimate of 6,000 to 19,00 japanese picture brides were processed through angel island

RELATIVE IN USA
[Dalea]

TRANSPORTATION
[Drew]
In the decade between 1901-1910 58,000 japanese immigrants came thru angle island.

"NATIVE"
[none]

USEFUL LINKS/SITES/INFORMATION

EllaP, AhmedA, MuniraM, WeniM

AhmedJ — Thu, 17 Apr 2008 11:46:57 CDT

This is a sample. As long as you follow the guidelines provided on Creating your Team Page you may set this up as you like.

TEAM MEMBER	ROLE
	Friend/Family in Homeland
	Friend/Family in USA
	Transportation
	Native

MESSAGES TO THE TEAM

This could be good place to check in

Teachers may post questions/encouragement here.

Team Members can communicate to each other

GROUPS WE ARE STUDYING

1.English-Pre-Colonial

2.Czechoslovakia

RELATIVE IN HOMELAND
[Team member name]

RELATIVE IN USA
[Team member name]
Ahmed-Czechoslovakians immigrated here around the 1940's. They immigrated because of the World War 2. There country was getting terrorized and abused.

TRANSPORTATION
[Team member name]

"NATIVE"
[Team member name]

USEFUL LINKS/SITES/INFORMATION

www.brycchancarey.com/slavery/chrono3.htm

Anthony,Lucie,Sydney

chrispirkl — Thu, 17 Apr 2008 09:30:44 CDT

This is a sample. As long as you follow the guidelines provided on Creating your Team Page you may set this up as you like.

TEAM MEMBER	ROLE
Anthony Martin	Friend/Family in Homeland
Luci Veilleux	Friend/Family in USA
Sydney Levesque	Transportation
	Native

MESSAGES TO THE TEAM

This could be good place to check in

Teachers may post questions/encouragement here.

Team Members can communicate to each other

GROUPS WE ARE STUDYING

1. Rwanda

2.Dominican Rebublic

RELATIVE IN HOMELAND
Anthony Martin
In 1959, three years before independence from Belgium, the majority ethnic group, the Hutus, overthrew the ruling Tutsi king. Over the next several years, thousands of Tutsis were killed, and some 150,000 driven into exile in neighboring countries. The children of these exiles later formed a rebel group, the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), and began a civil war in 1990. The war, along with several political and economic upheavals, exacerbated ethnic tensions, culminating in April 1994 in the genocide of roughly 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus. The Tutsi rebels defeated the Hutu regime and ended the killing in July 1994, but approximately 2 million Hutu refugees - many fearing Tutsi retribution - fled to neighboring Burundi, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zaire. Since then, most of the refugees have returned to Rwanda, but several thousand remained in the neighboring Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC; the former Zaire) and formed an extremist insurgency bent on retaking Rwanda, much as the RPF tried in 1990. Despite substantial international assistance and political reforms - including Rwanda's first local elections in March 1999 and its first post-genocide presidential and legislative elections in August and September 2003 - the country continues to struggle to boost investment and agricultural output, and ethnic reconciliation is complicated by the real and perceived Tutsi political dominance. Kigali's increasing centralization and intolerance of dissent, the nagging Hutu extremist insurgency across the border, and Rwandan involvement in two wars in recent years in the neighboring DRC continue to hinder Rwanda's efforts to escape its bloody legacy.

RELATIVE IN USA
Luci Veilleux

TRANSPORTATION
Sydney Levesque

In Rwanda alone 114,000 children were separated from their families or orphaned as a result of mass killings, exodus, and epidemics in 1994.

Restoring families became nearly impossible in some areas, however, as many countries with large refugee populations made their immigration policies more restrictive.

http://school.eb.com.prxy2.ursus.maine.edu/all/eb/article-91757?query=Rwanda%20immigration&ct=null

"NATIVE"
[Team member name]

USEFUL LINKS/SITES/INFORMATION

Victoria,Angel,Anna

annaf1 — Thu, 17 Apr 2008 08:44:57 CDT

This is a sample. As long as you follow the guidelines provided on Creating your Team Page you may set this up as you like.

TEAM MEMBER	ROLE
Victoria	Friend/Family in Homeland
Angel	Friend/Family in USA
Anna	Each year over 7,000 unaccompanied children immigrate to USA
	Native

MESSAGES TO THE TEAM

This could be good place to check in

Teachers may post questions/encouragement here.

Team Members can communicate to each other

GROUPS WE ARE STUDYING

1.Mexico

RELATIVE IN HOMELAND
[Team member name]

RELATIVE IN USA
[Team member name]

TRANSPORTATION
[Team member name]

"NATIVE"
[Team member name]

USEFUL LINKS/SITES/INFORMATION

Abby C, Marielle, Tricia

TriciaT. — Thu, 17 Apr 2008 08:44:10 CDT

This is a sample. As long as you follow the guidelines provided on Creating your Team Page you may set this up as you like.

TEAM MEMBER	ROLE
	Friend/Family in Homeland
	Friend/Family in USA
	Transportation
	Native

MESSAGES TO THE TEAM

This could be good place to check in

Teachers may post questions/encouragement here.

Team Members can communicate to each other

GROUPS WE ARE STUDYING

1. France

2. Ireland

RELATIVE IN HOMELAND
About 1.2 million people from Ireland left thier country to go to America or Britain due to the potato famine in the 1840's.

RELATIVE IN USA
These immigrants came to America for the promise of land ownership and religious freedom.

TRANSPORTATION
[Team member name]

"NATIVE"
[Team member name]

USEFUL LINKS/SITES/INFORMATION

Matt Karol Brian

MattTD — Thu, 17 Apr 2008 08:28:58 CDT

This is a sample. As long as you follow the guidelines provided on Creating your Team Page you may set this up as you like.

TEAM MEMBER	ROLE
	Friend/Family in Homeland
	Friend/Family in USA
	Transportation
	Native

MESSAGES TO THE TEAM

This could be good place to check in

Teachers may post questions/encouragement here.

Team Members can communicate to each other

GROUPS WE ARE STUDYING

RELATIVE IN HOMELAND
[Team member name]

RELATIVE IN USA
[Team member name]

TRANSPORTATION
[Team member name]

"NATIVE"
[Team member name]

USEFUL LINKS/SITES/INFORMATION

Josh H, Casey, Zack

JoshH7 — Wed, 16 Apr 2008 10:39:24 CDT

TEAM MEMBER	ROLE
Josh	Friend/Family in Homeland
casey	friend/family in u.s.a
zack	Transportation
NONE	Native

MESSAGES TO THE TEAM

Hey people. I am a person in the Congo!!!!
-Josh

GROUPS WE ARE STUDYING

1. Congo

2. Italy

RELATIVE IN HOMELAND
Josh H
Republic by name, kind of a Dictatorship.
100,000 AIDS death per year.

RELATIVE IN USA
Zack

TRANSPORTATION
Casey
Like manhy other african countries people didnt choose to come,brouight on slave ships with some no even really immigrating, just being packaged up and brought over.

"NATIVE"
NONE

USEFUL LINKS/SITES/INFORMATION

Malcolm, Meghan, Sunday

MeghanK — Wed, 16 Apr 2008 10:38:57 CDT

This is a sample. As long as you follow the guidelines provided on Creating your Team Page you may set this up as you like.

TEAM MEMBER	ROLE
Sunday	Friend/Family in Homeland
Meghan	Refugee Camps
Malcolm	Transportation
Malcolm	Native

MESSAGES TO THE TEAM

This could be good place to check in

Teachers may post questions/encouragement here.

Team Members can communicate to each other

GROUPS WE ARE STUDYING

1.Rwanda

RELATIVE IN HOMELAND
[Sunday]

REFUGEE CAMPS
[Meghan]

TRANSPORTATION
[Malcolm]

"NATIVE"
[Team member name]

USEFUL LINKS/SITES/INFORMATION

Benji, Max, and Steven T.

StevenT — Wed, 16 Apr 2008 10:35:36 CDT

TEAM MEMBER	ROLE
Max	Friend/Family in Homeland
Benji	Friend/Family in USA
Steven	Transportation
Benji	Native

MESSAGES TO THE TEAM

This could be good place to check in

Teachers may post questions/encouragement here.

Team Members can communicate to each other

GROUPS WE ARE STUDYING

1.African Slaves

2.African Slaves

RELATIVE IN HOMELAND
[Max]

RELATIVE IN USA
[Benji]

TRANSPORTATION
[Steven]

The Africans slaves got on to a boat during the day or night because they were kidnapped and could not say anything or they would die. They could not grab any of there belongings because they were forced into go to be slaved or were sold.When they got on the boat they would have been cramped into each other and half of them would be sick .

"NATIVE"
[Benji]

USEFUL LINKS/SITES/INFORMATION

Lily, Alison, Harlie Real Page Block C

AlisonS — Wed, 16 Apr 2008 10:33:26 CDT

TEAM MEMBER	ROLE
	Friend/Family in Homeland
	Friend/Family in USA
	Transportation
	Native

MESSAGES TO THE TEAM

This could be good place to check in

Teachers may post questions/encouragement here.

Team Members can communicate to each other

GROUPS WE ARE STUDYING

RELATIVE IN HOMELAND
Lily Bruenjes

RELATIVE IN USA
Alison Savage

People from the Philippines came to the U.S.A. in 1906-1931 because there wasn't a lot of work in the Philippines

TRANSPORTATION
Harlie Bradeen

"NATIVE"
None

USEFUL LINKS/SITES/INFORMATION

http://library.thinkquest.org/4137/

Mike C, Matt Q, Mike P

MattQ — Wed, 16 Apr 2008 10:24:55 CDT

This is a sample. As long as you follow the guidelines provided on Creating your Team Page you may set this up as you like.

TEAM MEMBER	ROLE
Mike C	Friend/Family in Homeland
Matt Q	Friend/Family in USA
Mike P	Transportation
	Native

MESSAGES TO THE TEAM

This could be good place to check in

Teachers may post questions/encouragement here.

Team Members can communicate to each other

GROUPS WE ARE STUDYING

1. Italy

RELATIVE IN HOMELAND
[Mike C]

RELATIVE IN USA

[Matt Q]

TRANSPORTATION
[Mike P]

"NATIVE"
[Team member name]

USEFUL LINKS/SITES/INFORMATION

Abby P. Safia H. Taylor S.

AbbyP7 — Wed, 16 Apr 2008 09:06:13 CDT

This is a sample. As long as you follow the guidelines provided on Creating your Team Page you may set this up as you like.

TEAM MEMBER	ROLE
Safia	Friend/Family in Homeland
Taylor	Friend/Family in USA
Abby	Transportation
	Native

MESSAGES TO THE TEAM

This could be good place to check in

Teachers may post questions/encouragement here.

Team Members can communicate to each other

GROUPS WE ARE STUDYING

1.Kenya

RELATIVE IN HOMELAND
[Team member name]

RELATIVE IN USA
[Team member name]

TRANSPORTATION
[Team member name]
Many Immigrants from other countries including Somalia, Uganda, Ethiopia, and Sudan go tho Kenyan refugee camps, before moving on to America.

"NATIVE"
[Team member name]

USEFUL LINKS/SITES/INFORMATION